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Glossaryconnect descriptor A specially formatted description of the destination for a network connection. A connect descriptor contains destination service and network route information. The destination service is indicated by using its service name for the Oracle Database or its Oracle system identifier (SID) for Oracle release 8.0, or version 7 databases. The network route provides, at a minimum, the location of the listener through use of a network address. default domain The network domain within which most client requests take place. It can be the domain where the client resides, or a domain from which the client often requests network services. The default domain is also the client configuration parameter that determines what domain to append to unqualified network name requests. A name request is unqualified if it does not have a "." character within it. easy connect naming A Naming method that allows clients to connect to a database server without any configuration. Clients use a simple TCP/IP address, which consists of a host name and optional port number, service name, and instance name: SQL>CONNECT user_name@host[:port][/service_name][/instance_name] Enter password: password installation type An installation type is a predefined component set that automatically selects which components to install. See "Oracle Database Client Installation Types" for a list of installation types available with each top-level component. Interprocess Communication (IPC) A protocol used by client applications that resides on the same node as the listener to communicate with the database. IPC can provide a faster local connection than TCP/IP. ldap.ora file A file created by the Oracle Net Configuration Assistant that contains the following directory access information:
The listener A process that resides on the server and whose responsibility is to listen for incoming client connection requests and manage the traffic to the server. When a client requests a network session with a database server, a listener receives the actual request. If the client information matches the listener information, then the listener grants a connection to the database server. listener.ora file A configuration file for the listener that identifies the:
The An Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) does not require identification of the database service because of service registration. However, static service configuration is required for an Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) if you plan to use Oracle Enterprise Manager. local naming A Naming method that resolves a net service name into a connect descriptor. This name is configured and stored in the tnsnames.ora file on each individual client. Naming method A resolution method used by a client application to resolve a connect identifier to a network address when attempting to connect to a database service. Oracle Net Services supports the following naming methods:
net service name A simple name for a service that resolves to a connect descriptor. Users initiate a connect request by passing a username and password along with a net service name in a connect string for the service to which they want to connect: SQL> CONNECT username@net_service_identifier Enter password: password Depending on your needs, net service names can be stored in a variety of places, including:
operating system authenticated connections Windows login credentials can be used to authenticate users connecting to an Oracle Database. The benefits of Windows native authentication include:
OPS$ The initialization file parameter The default value of this parameter is Oracle Context The root of a directory subtree with a relative distinguished name of The Oracle Context can contain the following Oracle entries:
Oracle home The directory path to install Oracle components (for example, Oracle home name The name of the current Oracle home. Each Oracle home has a home name that distinguishes it from all other Oracle homes on your computer. During installation, you are prompted to enter an Oracle home name in the Name field of the Oracle Universal Installer File Locations window. Oracle schema A set of rules that determine what can be stored in an LDAP-compliant directory server. Oracle has its own schema that is applied to many types of Oracle entries, including Oracle Net Services entries. The Oracle schema for Oracle Net Services entries includes the attributes the entries may contain. Oracle Net foundation layer A networking communication layer that is responsible for establishing and maintaining the connection between the client application and server, as well as exchanging messages between them. protocol address An address that identifies the network address of a network object. When a connection is made, the client and the receiver of the request, such as the listener, or Oracle Connection Manager, are configured with identical protocol addresses. The client uses this address to send the connection request to a particular network object location, and the recipient "listens" for requests on this address. It is important to install the same protocols for the client and the connection recipient, as well as configure the same addresses. repository A set of tables located in any Oracle database accessible to the Oracle Management Server. Oracle Management Server uses a repository to store all system data and application data, information on the state of managed nodes distributed throughout the environment, as well as information about the separately licensable management packs. service registration A feature by which the PMON process (an instance background process) automatically registers information with a listener. Because this information is registered with the listener, the listener.ora file does not need to be configured with this static information. Service registration provides the listener with the following information:
This information allows the listener to determine how best to service a client connection request. SID The Oracle system identifier that distinguishes the database from all other databases on your computer. The SID automatically defaults to the database name portion of the global database name ( sqlnet.ora file A configuration file for the client or server that specifies the:
The Terminal Server Microsoft Windows Terminal Server is a Windows thin-client terminal server, a product that adds support for multiple, simultaneous client sessions on the Windows Server. Windows Terminal Server provides an operating system graphical user interface (GUI) to users of Oracle databases. tnsnames.ora file A configuration file that contains net service names mapped to connect descriptors. This file is used for the local naming method. The typical configuration Oracle Universal Installer option that performs a default configuration of a connection between Oracle Database Client and Oracle Database. It configures the following:
When Oracle Database Client attempts to connect, it tries local naming first, followed by easy connect naming. |
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