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======================
 The Net_SMTP Package
======================

--------------------
 User Documentation
--------------------

:Author:    Jon Parise
:Contact:   jon@php.net
:Date:      $Date: 2009-07-13 22:34:26 -0700 (Mon, 13 Jul 2009) $
:Revision:  $Revision: 284052 $

.. contents:: Table of Contents
.. section-numbering::

Dependencies
============

The ``PEAR_Error`` Class
------------------------

The Net_SMTP package uses the `PEAR_Error`_ class for all of its `error
handling`_.

The ``Net_Socket`` Package
--------------------------

The Net_Socket_ package is used as the basis for all network communications.

The ``Auth_SASL`` Package
-------------------------

The `Auth_SASL`_ package is an optional dependency.  If it is available, the
Net_SMTP package will be able to support the DIGEST-MD5_ and CRAM-MD5_ SMTP
authentication methods.  Otherwise, only the LOGIN_ and PLAIN_ methods will
be available.

Error Handling
==============

All of the Net_SMTP class's public methods return a PEAR_Error_ object if an
error occurs.  The standard way to check for a PEAR_Error object is by using
`PEAR::isError()`_::

    if (PEAR::isError($error = $smtp->connect())) {
        die($error->getMessage());
    }

.. _PEAR::isError(): http://pear.php.net/manual/en/core.pear.pear.iserror.php

SMTP Authentication
===================

The Net_SMTP package supports the SMTP authentication standard (as defined
by RFC-2554_).  The Net_SMTP package supports the following authentication
methods, in order of preference:

.. _RFC-2554: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2554.txt

DIGEST-MD5
----------

The DIGEST-MD5 authentication method uses `RSA Data Security Inc.`_'s MD5
Message Digest algorithm.  It is considered the most secure method of SMTP
authentication.

**Note:** The DIGEST-MD5 authentication method is only supported if the
AUTH_SASL_ package is available.

.. _RSA Data Security Inc.: http://www.rsasecurity.com/

CRAM-MD5
--------

The CRAM-MD5 authentication method has been superseded by the DIGEST-MD5_
method in terms of security.  It is provided here for compatibility with
older SMTP servers that may not support the newer DIGEST-MD5 algorithm.

**Note:** The CRAM-MD5 authentication method is only supported if the
AUTH_SASL_ package is available.

LOGIN
-----

The LOGIN authentication method encrypts the user's password using the
Base64_ encoding scheme.  Because decrypting a Base64-encoded string is
trivial, LOGIN is not considered a secure authentication method and should
be avoided.

.. _Base64: http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.base64-encode.php

PLAIN
-----

The PLAIN authentication method sends the user's password in plain text.
This method of authentication is not secure and should be avoided.

Secure Connections
==================

If `secure socket transports`_ have been enabled in PHP, it is possible to
establish a secure connection to the remote SMTP server::

    $smtp = new Net_SMTP('ssl://mail.example.com', 465);

This example connects to ``mail.example.com`` on port 465 (a common SMTPS
port) using the ``ssl://`` transport.

.. _secure socket transports: http://www.php.net/transports

Data Quoting
============

By default, all outbound string data is quoted in accordance with SMTP
standards.  This means that all native Unix (``\\n``) and Mac (``\\r``) line
endings are converted to Internet-standard CRLF (``\\r\\n``) line endings.
Also, because the SMTP protocol uses a single leading period (``.``) to signal
an end to the message data, single leading periods in the original data
string are "doubled" (e.g. "``..``").

These string transformation can be expensive when large blocks of data are
involved.  For example, the Net_SMTP package is not aware of MIME parts (it
just sees the MIME message as one big string of characters), so it is not
able to skip non-text attachments when searching for characters that may
need to be quoted.

Because of this, it is possible to extend the Net_SMTP class in order to
implement your own custom quoting routine.  Just create a new class based on
the Net_SMTP class and reimplement the ``quotedata()`` method::

    require 'Net_SMTP.php';

    class Net_SMTP_custom extends Net_SMTP
    {
        function quotedata($data)
        {
            /* Perform custom data quoting */
        }
    }

Note that the ``$data`` parameter will be passed to the ``quotedata()``
function `by reference`_.  This means that you can operate directly on
``$data``.  It also the overhead of copying a large ``$data`` string to and
from the ``quotedata()`` method.

.. _by reference: http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.references.pass.php

Server Responses
================

The Net_SMTP package retains the server's last response for further
inspection.  The ``getResponse()`` method returns a 2-tuple (two element
array) containing the server's response code as an integer and the response's
arguments as a string.

Upon a successful connection, the server's greeting string is available via
the ``getGreeting()`` method.

Debugging
=========

The Net_SMTP package contains built-in debugging output routines (disabled by
default).  Debugging output must be explicitly enabled via the ``setDebug()``
method::

    $smtp->setDebug(true);

The debugging messages will be sent to the standard output stream by default.
If you need more control over the output, you can optionally install your own
debug handler.

::

    function debugHandler($smtp, $message)
    {
        echo "[$smtp->host] $message\n";
    }

    $smtp->setDebug(true, "debugHandler");


Examples
========

Basic Use
---------

The following script demonstrates how a simple email message can be sent
using the Net_SMTP package::

    require 'Net/SMTP.php';

    $host = 'mail.example.com';
    $from = 'user@example.com';
    $rcpt = array('recipient1@example.com', 'recipient2@example.com');
    $subj = "Subject: Test Message\n";
    $body = "Body Line 1\nBody Line 2";

    /* Create a new Net_SMTP object. */
    if (! ($smtp = new Net_SMTP($host))) {
        die("Unable to instantiate Net_SMTP object\n");
    }

    /* Connect to the SMTP server. */
    if (PEAR::isError($e = $smtp->connect())) {
        die($e->getMessage() . "\n");
    }

    /* Send the 'MAIL FROM:' SMTP command. */
    if (PEAR::isError($smtp->mailFrom($from))) {
        die("Unable to set sender to <$from>\n");
    }

    /* Address the message to each of the recipients. */
    foreach ($rcpt as $to) {
        if (PEAR::isError($res = $smtp->rcptTo($to))) {
            die("Unable to add recipient <$to>: " . $res->getMessage() . "\n");
        }
    }

    /* Set the body of the message. */
    if (PEAR::isError($smtp->data($subj . "\r\n" . $body))) {
        die("Unable to send data\n");
    }

    /* Disconnect from the SMTP server. */
    $smtp->disconnect();

.. _PEAR_Error: http://pear.php.net/manual/en/core.pear.pear-error.php
.. _Net_Socket: http://pear.php.net/package/Net_Socket
.. _Auth_SASL: http://pear.php.net/package/Auth_SASL

.. vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab textwidth=78 ft=rst: